EK Technologies

Generating Electricity in a Thermal Power Station A thermal power plant is a power station which converts heat energy in to electrical energy. The heat energy is produced from other primary sources. Example of such primary sources which we term the “fuel” include: Coal, natural gas, oil, etc. Structure of a thermal power plant The schematic below is a simplified view of a thermal power plant made for easy understanding. We shall study the role of the different compartments and how they work together in order to produce electrical energy. Role of the different parts of a thermal power plant Fuel ( for example coal, Natural gas, Oil): this is the primary source of energy for example coal may be used. Hence by convention, we can term the thermal power plant a coal thermal power plant. etc. Note that the energy in fuel is chemical energy. Combustor: from the term combustion which means burn. So, this is the area where the fuel is burnt to produce heat. So at this compar

Direct On Line semi-automatic Starting forward and reversed rotation Direct on line starting is a method generally used to start three phase induction motors with power less than or equal to 10KW. Circuit diagram of direct on line starting: The circuit diagram is divided into the the Power Circuit and Control circuit shown below. Operating principle: When the fuse isolator is closed, an action on the start push button S2 energises the contactor KM1 which closes the main contacts of the contactor, closes its hold on contact, opens the interlock on kM2 (so that KM2 should not be energized) and closes the open contact of KM1 to which the lamp H1 is connected. The motor rotates in the forward direction and the lamp H1 shines which indicates the motor is running in the forward direction. To reverse the direction of rotation of the motor, the motor must first be stopped by pressing S1. For reverse rotation, an action on the reverse push button S3 e

How a Hydroelectric power Station Works A hydroelectric power plant is a power station which produces electrical energy from the energy stored in water at certain heights, with the use of a turbine which is mechanically coupled to a generator.  So water is the primary source of energy in this type of power plant. In order to understand the conversion process, we shall chronologically study the different components and their role in the conversion process. The diagram below is a schematic diagram of a hydroelectric power plant. Layout of a hydroelectric power plant

Schemaplic Schemaplic is a software used in Designing and simulation of electrical diagrams It is used in the field of electrical systems(Electrotechnical, Electromechanical, Energetics) and also pneumatic systems. This software has diverse features of component libraries having all essential components included. It also gives the characteristics of Each component. Due to its flexibility, the properties of components can be modified and customized to suit your design. It also contains a picture mode which displays the picture of each selected component. This picture mode can be activated or deactivated. The simulations can be saved, printed, or exported. It displays Faulty connections warnings. It also has Application exercises which are included in exercise libraries. This is one of the best softwares used in simulating electrical diagrams. There is the free version and the paid version. Click Here to Download Schemaplic 6.0.776

What is relay? It is switch that provides the safety to an electrical circuits from the abnormal conditions. Relay has two parts which is NO ( normally open ) and NC ( normally close ).  NO means the circuit are normally open, In this conditions the electric supply does not passes through the circuit due to the open circuit conditions. This type of relays are use in mechanical devices like hoist and manipulator for controlling. NC means the circuit is normally close, In this conditions the electric current can flow through the circuit due to the circuit is close And this relay coil is use as On switches in mechanical devices like hoist and manipulators.

What is Touch potential? You often came across the term step and touch potential, but you never new what's all about. Grab it now. Touch potential is the potential generated across a conductive body or object to the earth, when the conductive body contacts or touches a live wire. So, current flow through the conductive body from the live wire to the earth.  This can occur due to earth failure and inappropriate earthing in an installation. Other causes exist. To illustrate this, we are going to see some common examples. How touch potential is generated 1) A person touching a poorly earthed conductive part during earth failure. E.g touching the metallic part of towers, machines, etc during earth failure. 2) Live TV media antenna buses mistakenly touching live wires in transmission lines. 3) Excavators and lifters mistakenly touching a transmission line Those are just some few examples of how touch potential is generated. So, electrical tec

What is Step Potential This is the potential generated between the feet of a person or animal closer to the surface or area of an earthed rod/wire/object carrying current. During earth faults, high amount of current flows to the ground and the nearby ground surface beside the earthed object. If a person is standing within the area closer to the grounded object, a potential can be generated between the feet (foot to foot) and the difference in potential causes current to flow through the body which is dangerous. So, the wider the distance between the feet (foot to foot), the higher the potential difference and the higher the current being induced. The smaller the distance between feet, the lesser the potential different and the smaller the induced current into the body. Equipotential points have zero potential different. So, with the feet being tight together, the points are at the same potential (equipotential point). This is the reason why birds are not electrocuted when they stan

Types of single phase induction motors| starters The different types of single phase induction motors are identified or named by their starting methods. They include: 1)Split – phase Induction Motor 2) Capacitor – Start Motor 3) Permanent – Split Capacitor Motor 4) Capacitor - Start Capacitor - Run motor 1) Split-phase induction motor The split phase induction motor also called the inductance start motor. The stator has two windings namely the main winding and the auxiliary winding which are displaced in space by 90 degrees. When the motor is supplied, the rotor accelerates and when it reaches about 75% of the synchronous speed, the centrifugal switch disconnects the starting winding. The split phase induction motor is also known as the resistance start motor when a high resistance is added in series to the starting winding.  And the operation is the same as the one above. 2. Capacitor start motor The capacitor-start motor is similar to the split phase induc

Single phase induction motors A single phase induction motors is a type of single phase motor .  Constitution or parts A single phase induction motor is made up of two main parts. Namely: the stator and the rotor and may include other accessories like centrifugal switch etc, capacitors. Internal view of a type of single phase induction motor with view of a centrifugal switch and capacitor Stator : The stator carries single phase windings (main winding and start winding for starting). These windings are distributed ( uniform or equal distribution of the conductors in the slots). Stator of a single phase induction motor Rotor : The rotor of a single phase induction motor is  of squirrel cage type (Squirrel Cage rotor) Squirrel cage rotor of a single phase induction motor A centrifugal switch may also be incorporate into the motor ( connected in series with the starting winding) and is used to cut off the starting winding when the rotor accelerates

Single phase motors As the name suggests, these are motors used on single phase supply. They are the most common types of electric motors with a wide range of applications and are manufactured in small fraction kilowatt ratings. Their application ranges from domestic, commercial, to industrial applications. Examples of domestic applications are in fans, washing machines, mixers, hair driers etc. Classification of single phase induction motors Single phase motors are classified into the following types: Single phase induction motor AC series motor (universal motor) Repulsion motor Synchronous motor Parts A single phase induction motor has two main parts. Namely: the stator and the rotor this is shown in the figure below. A view of the Stator and Rotor of a Single Phase Motor (Single Phase induction motor) Operating principle of single phase induction motors Note: Single phase motors are not self starting. When a single phase AC

Intermediate switch An intermediate switch is a switch which permits the control of a lighting point from three positions. In order to control this lighting point from the three positions, the intermediate switch is connected together with two other 2-way switches. Application: it can be used in lighting a room or hall having 3 entrances , it can also be used in long corridors and staircases. We shall be looking at these connections. Connection diagram of intermediate switching Below is an illustration of the connection. The brown lines indicated on the diagram are the switching contacts. The switch labelled 2 is an intermediate switch . The figure below is the configuration of an intermediate switch. The switch labelled 1 and 3 in the first diagram are two-way switches.  Click here to know more about two-way switches . ON and OFF positions of intermediate switching ON positions OFF positions Staircase wiring layout using an intermed

Design and realization  of an automatic industrial sorting and counting machine In order to present this project, this dissertation is divided into five chapters.   Chapter 1: General introduction of the system. Chapter 2: Review of related literature on the project and contents related to the project. Chapter 3: Technological study of components (theoretical study, dimensioning of components and choice criterion). Chapter 4: System simulation and practical implementation. Chapter 5: Difficulties encountered, recommendations, future scope, and conclusion. Get complete PDF, simulation, codes, and PCB design. Link at bottom Problem s tatement  In modern industry, the sorting of items or products into various categories by an automated system is of great importance in order to have competitive advantages in production speed, efficiency, production value and labour cost. This project involves designing and realizing an automated industrial sorting machine which is a

Best Electrical Projects for Engineering Students and for research Industrial sorting machine based on items height    Industrial sorting based on items colour Design and realisation of a home automated speech load control system for disables. Automated counting of industrially manufactured products. Detection of broken conductors in underground canalisation Design of a conveyor belt system with speed control system. Advanced Monitoring system of meat in a cold room   pH meter for detecting the quality of meat Ferrari’s based current minimizing torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor. GSM based pre-energy meter billing system GSM based post-energy meter billing system Design and conception of a 12V voltage multiplier of up to 2KV DC by using the Max generating principle Power factor measurement system Measurement of power in a single phase system A microcontroller based Password circuit breaker Analysis and design of a power management algorithm