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  ARDUINO COMMANDS Basic Arduino IDE Commands 1.  pinMode(x, OUTPUT); Configure or assign the pin number x as an output pin. Where x is the digital pin number on the arduino device which you intend to use as an output. 2.  pinMode(x, INPUT);   Configure or assign the pin number x as an input pin. Where x is the digital pin number on the arduino device which you intend to use as an input. 3.  digitalWrite(x, HIGH); Turn the digital pin number x ON or as HIGH. Where x is the digital pin number on the arduino device which you intend to turn ON. Note that turning it HIGH gives out a voltage of 5V at that digital pin. So this can be used to turn on or drive some devices connected at the pin e.g LED, activating relays for driving circuit, etc. 4.  digitalWrite(x, LOW); Turn the digital pin number x OFF or as LOW. Where x is the digital pin number on the arduino device which you intend to turn OFF. Note that turning it LOW gives out a voltage of 0V at that digital pin. So this can be used to

  MULTIPLEXER we are going to see more complex combinational logic circuits or combinational devices which are the multiplexer and demultiplexer. These devices are can be found as integrated circuits (ICs) and are widely used in the field of telecommunication like in multiplexing. WHAT IS A MULTIPLEXER? A multiplexer also called data selector is a device that selects one of many input signals and forwards the selected input to the output. A multiplexer of 2 n inputs has n select bits, which are used to select which input line to send to the output.   See figure 1. An electronic multiplexer makes it possible for several signals to share one device or resource like one communication line instead of having one device per input signal. An example can be in a cyber where many computers are connected to the same printer, another example is an mp3 player, laptop, digital cable TV connected to a single surrounding sound system through a Mux.  

  Boolean algebra simplification examples and solutions  Example 1: Simplify the Boolean expression